Short Selling - Considering Risk and Reward Before Selling Short

I've noted from reading investment blogs and Yahoono longer exist, you'd probably have forgotten all
Message board posts that there seems to be aabout the other losers by now and be living on an
great deal of interest in short selling. Maybe it is theisland somewhere. What if you'd thought Bill Gates
general mood about the economy. Maybe some folkswas full of hype, however, and shorted Microsoft?
first tried short selling during the big slide in 2008 andEven though the other five also went to zero, your
found that they could do no wrong. (It is said thatMicrosoft position would have grown to gargantuan
every buyer is a genius in a Bull Market. In a Bearsize. You would have needed to work five jobs just
Market, every short seller is a genius.) Maybe thereto keep funneling enough cash into your account to
have always been a lot of people dabbling in shortavoid a margin call. There is no such thing as a limit to
selling and the blogs and message boards have justyour losses when you sell short.
created better venues for them to advertise theirGiven these traits, it is important to consider risk and
adventures.reward when contemplating a short sale. While that
What has disturbed me, however, is some of thestock that has fallen into the penny range from the
types of short positions that people are taking. Whileteens may be likely to disappear completely, with
at first blush short selling seems no different from10,000 shares you might only make $5000 when it
going long, there are some important differences thatdoes so. If you are wrong and a venture firm
must be understood.decides to buy the company and offers $3.00 per
First of all in buying long, time is on your side.share, you stand to lose $25,000. If the stock
Because the general direction of stocks is uprecovers and goes into the teens, you could lose
(because the economy is always growing), one canhundreds of thousands of dollars. The potential
usually just wait out bad spells in the economy. Ifreward is not worth the risk taken.
your stocks are all falling, the best thing to do is toSo, before taking a short position, consider the
just stop looking at them for a while. Usually you'll bepotential reward (how much can you make if the
happier the next time you look (and not just becausestock drops by 50%, and how likely is that to
they've done a reverse 10 for 1 split). This is doublyhappen) and the risk (how likely is it for this stock to
true if you select stocks that have good long-termmove upwards, and how much could it move if it
growth characteristics such as steady earningsdoes so). Look for stocks that are already so
growth. In short selling, time is against you. If you areovervalued that it is very unlikely that they could go
wrong about a stock, because the markets tend tomuch higher. Find stocks with lots of cheerleaders
go up, your loses will normally continue to grow theand high PE ratios. If everyone likes the stock, they
longer you wait to close the position.have already bought in and it will be difficult for them
The second difference is that when you buy a dud,to push the price higher. It also helps if the market in
the size of the position becomes smaller relative togeneral is nearing a peak, since when the whole
the size of your overall portfolio. If you'd boughtmarket is falling every stock is a dog.
Microsoft in the early 80's and five other stocks that